Tampilkan postingan dengan label pengetahuan umum etc-. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label pengetahuan umum etc-. Tampilkan semua postingan

Rabu, 25 Agustus 2010

Busier than usual



How are you guys? I'm fine. But I'm so freakin' bussy-____-
Since I am a high school student, I have no time and no inspiration for posting.
Maybe, I'll not oftenly post again just like when I was junior high school student.
So, you know, some students are tiring of lots of homeworks or assignments, am I right?
Me too. You too *if you're student*.
I hope I was dilligent so I always did my homework. Just hope.
But I'll try to be it. I want to be more dilligent than usual. Yes I should.
And You too. HEHE

Btw, I was selected as a participant in the blog contest at my school. Grrr~~~
Wish me luck for it. The theme is about 'Akhlakul Karimah' *my friend told me*
'Akhlakul Karimah' means a good atittude. Good behavior should be carried out in the Islamic. Example, in our daily live, especially in my country, we should defer to older people and then we must respect to the other religions, we must keep our mouth from words which make our heart hurt. And etc.
Don't forget to respect to your parents too, esp. your Mom.
Your Mom gave birth to you, about 9 months, she pregnant, was fighting, because she didn't want to lose us.
Your Dad, too. With his sweat, he fight for us, paying for his family's life. He wanted us to be success someday. And we must pay back his kindness when we were kid.

OK. Thanks for reading! Do not forget me :P xoxo^^

Sabtu, 31 Juli 2010

Good Quotes.

First love is only a little foolishness and a lot of curiosity. -George Bernard Shaw

Friendship is Love without his wings! -Lord Byron

If you judge people, you have no time to love them. -Mother Teresa

Comedy has to be based on truth. You take the truth and you put a little curlicue at the end. -Sid Caesar

Everything human is pathetic. The secret source of humor itself is not joy but sorrow. There is no humor in heaven. -Mark Twain

All our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them. -Walt Disney

Dreams pass into the reality of action. From the actions stems the dream again; and this interdependence produces the highest form of living. -Anais Nin

Everything has been figured out, except how to live. -Jean-Paul Sartre

God writes a lot of comedy... the trouble is, he's stuck with so many bad actors who don't know how to play funny. -Garrison Keillor

A friendship can weather most things and thrive in thin soil; but it needs a little mulch of letters and phone calls and small, silly presents every so often - just to save it from drying out completely. -Pam Brown

Fear makes strangers of people who would be friends. -Shirley MacLaine

Friendship is unnecessary, like philosophy, like art... It has no survival value; rather it is one of those things that give value to survival. -C. S. Lewis

All who call on God in true faith, earnestly from the heart, will certainly be heard, and will receive what they have asked and desired. -Martin Luther

Rabu, 14 Juli 2010

Everything about Yesung!!! from Wikipedia.org





Kim Jong-woon (born August 24, 1984), better known by his stage name Yesung, is a Korean pop singer and occasional actor. He is one of the four lead vocalists of the super boy band Super Junior. He was once a radio host for his own radio program, M.I.R.A.C.L.E for You, which ended its broadcast in September 2007. His stage name Yesung (Hanja: 藝聲) is translated to "art-like voice" and is derived from the phrase "예술가의 성대", meaning "vocal chords of an artist."

Origin: South Korea
Religion: Catholic
Genre(s): K-pop, bubblegum pop,dance,
Occupation(s):singer, dancer, DJ
Instrument(s):piano
Years active2005–present
Label(s):SM Entertainment
Associated acts: SMTown, Super Junior, Super Junior K.R.Y


Yesung was born in Cheonan, South Chungcheong, has a younger brother, Kim Jong-jin. At a young age, he has expressed interest in singing. In 1999, Yesung joined a broadcasted singing competition and won gold at the Chun-an Singing Competition. In 2001, Yesung's mother signed him up to audition for SM Entertainment's Starlight Casting System, a casting audition that selects artists to sign under the label. He impressed the judges with his "artistic voice", and signed under SM Entertainment that same year. In late 2004, Yesung was recruited into the large all-male rotational boy band Super Junior.

On November 6, 2005, Yesung officially debuted on SBS's music program Popular Songs as a member of Super Junior 05, the first generation of Super Junior. The group performed their first single "TWINS (Knock Out)" with an audience of about 500 fans. A full studio album was released a month later, which debuted at #3 on the monthly MIAK K-pop album charts.

In March 2006, SM Entertainment began to recruit new members for the next Super Junior generation. However, plans changed when the company added in a thirteenth member, Kyuhyun, and the company declared a halt in forming future Super Junior generations. The group dropped the suffix "05" and became officially credited as Super Junior. The re-polished group hit big after they released their first CD single "U" the following summer, which became Super Junior's most successful single in the music charts until the release of "Sorry, Sorry" in March 2009.

During his career with Super Junior, Yesung was put into two subgroups, smaller groups that are branched off of the larger Super Junior group. In November 2006, Yesung was placed in Super Junior's first subgroup, Super Junior-K.R.Y, a group specializing in singing mournful, R&B ballads. Almost two years later, Yesung became a member of Super Junior-Happy. On May 10, 2008, Yesung was sent to the hospital after he collapsed from running 70 kilometers for a charity marathon. On August 8, Yesung was sent to the hospital again after falling from a 1.5m stage while rehearsing a performance for the KBS music program, Music Bank. The injury severed his old injuries from the neck and waist and Yesung was not treated out of the hospital until two days later.

Yesung alone contributed in the drama OST, Tazza, a highly rated drama which started on September 16, 2008. He sang 사랑참아프다 (Love Really Hurts). This ballad song has been consistently used during the drama itself. He has performed the song live several times, including in the 3rd Anniversary Party of Super Junior.

On 2010, Yesung contributed in the drama OST "Cinderella's Sister", starring Moon Geun Yeung and Chun Jung Myun and started on March 31, 2010. He sang "너 아니면 안돼"(It Has To Be You). This song is a ballad that tells the story about a man who refuse to look for another girl, except for the one he love. Recently, during the epilogue of Super Junior's 2nd Asia Tour Concert, Super Show 2 Manila, he sang this song live on stage and asked his fans to support his new song. In June 04, 2010, Yesung performed solo for the first time on Music Bank (TV series) with his song, It Has To Be You, a highly rated song on the music chart on Music Bank.

In November 06, 2009, he replaced Jonghyun of Shinee in their Ring Ding Dong performance due to Jonghyun coming down with the swine flu.

From September 2006 to September 2007, Yesung was a host for his own radio program, M.I.R.A.C.L.E for You, where members of Super Junior often appear as guests. However, before the radio show's first anniversary, Yesung had to end the program so he could concentrate on Super Junior's second album, Don't Don. The last air date for the radio show was September 8, 2007.

Yesung's acting career began in the summer of 2007 with the release of Attack on the Pin-Up Boys, a high school comedy starring the whole of Super Junior. Yesung stars as the school's rock star who gets attacked by a mysterious force, which shoots him toward national stardom. In 2009, Yesung was casted to play Jung Myung-soo in the musical South Korean Mountain Fortress, which will show from October 9 to November 4, 2009. He is currently performing in the musical Hong Gil Dong, alongside group mate Sungmin


I THINK, HIS VOICE IS VERY BEAUTIFUL AAAA >,<

Senin, 17 Mei 2010

MY TUMBLR :**

HEYHOOO GUYS!

PLEASE, IF YOU HAVE A TUMBLEBLOG/TUMBLR

FOLLOW ME FOLLOW MEEE

JUST CLICK HERE

MY DISPLAY PICT IS KYUHYUN WITH BLACK SUNGLASSES...

SO, DUNNO FORGET TO FOLLOW ME!!!

Minggu, 02 Mei 2010

I love those camera(s)



Octopus: non blitz but with Panorama effect
1. Camera Type : Panorama / normal 2 way 35mm camera
2. Film Format : Panoramic 13 x 36mm, Normal 24 x 36mm
3. Lens : F28mm, F/ 8.0, Shooting range : 1m - seterusnya
4. Shutter : Mechanical shutter
5. Shutter Speed : 1/125 sec.
6. Viewfinder : Reserve Galilean Type
7. Dimensions : 39 x 68.5 x 106 mm.
8. Tripod Socket



Octopus: standard camera
1. Camera type : 35mm camera
2. Film Format : 24 x 36mm
3. Lens : 27mm, f/9.5 shooting range : 1m - seterusnya
4. Shutter : mechanical shutter
5. Shutter Speed : 1/100 sec.
6. Viewfinder : Reverse Galilean type
7. Dimensions : 35 x 62 x 115 mm



Disderi: 3 lens
Type: 35mm lens without flash lamp
Lens: optical lens,f/8 28mm
Shutter speed : leaf shutter, 1/100 sec
Film to be used: 35mm format color or black/white 135 film of ASA 100/ISO 21 or ASA 400/ISO 27
View Finder:Eye level finder
Focusing: free
No need batteries
Dimensions: about 95mm*63mm*33mm
Weight: 90g



Aquapix: underwater camera
Type: 35mm Film
Lens: Optical lens, f/9 28mm
Underwater: underwater 3-4m
Shutter: Leaf Shutter, speed 1/100sec
Film to be Used: 35mm format color or black / white film and slide film
View Finder: Eye level finder
Focusing: Free
Dimensions: 119 X 50 X 84mm
Include: Original box, Waterproof casing, Camera, Strap, English User Manual.



Holga
Size: 22cm (8.54inci) x 17.5cm (7inci) x 9.5cm (3.75inci)
Weight: 730gr
Format: all 120 medium format film (slide film, color negative film and b & w)
Lenses: plastic, 60mm, f / 8
Focal length: 38mm
Aperture: f / 8 (recommended for shooting at night), f/11 (recommended for shooting in the sweltering daytime)
Shutter speed: 1 / 125, 'B' setting
Flash: Color gel system (yellow, red, blue, transparent), requires two AA batteries

AAAAAH I WANT THEM ALL!

Kamis, 08 April 2010

HEHE SMANSA BOGOR HEHE

PERSYARATAN PENERIMAAN PESERTA DIDIK BARU TAHUN PELAJARAN 2010/2011

1. Memiliki nilai rapor SMP/MTs semester 1,2,3,4 dan 5 dengan nilai rata-rata rapor minimal 7,5 untuk mata pelajaran Matematika, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Inggris, IPA dibuktikan dengan rapor asli, beserta foto copy raport tiap semester yang di legalisir.
2. Mengisi formulir pendaftaran yang disediakan
3. Menyerahkan Pas Foto Ukuran 3 x 4 dan 2 x 3 masing-masing dua lembar
4. Surat Keterangan berbadan sehat dari Dokter atau Puskesmas yang terbaru
5. Surat Keterangan dari sekolah yang menyatakan bahwa siswa bersangkutan masih duduk di kelas IX
6. Mengikuti seleksi yang meliputi :
* Tes seleksi akademis tertulis untuk mata pelajaran Matematika, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Inggris, IPA dan IPS
* Tes kemampuan Berbahasa Inggris dan Kemampuan Komputer
7. Psychotest

WAKTU PELAKSANAAN

1. Pendaftaran tanggal 21 sd 24 April 2010 Pukul 08.00 sd. 12.00 WIB
2. Tes Seleksi akademis tertulis

Senin (10 Mei 2010)
1) 08.00-10.00 > IPA
2) 10.30-12.00 > B.Indonesia

Selasa (11 Mei 2010)
1) 08.00-09.30 > B. Inggris
2) 10.00-11.30 > IPS

Rabu (12 Mei 2010)
1) 08.00-10.00 > Matematika

3. Tes Lisan Kemampuan Bahasa Inggris dan Komputer 14 – 15 Mei 2010
4. Psychotest yang akan dilaksanakan setelah calon peserta didik baru diterima
5. Pengumuman tanggal 19 Mei 2010


I CAN I CAN!

Selasa, 06 April 2010

edit-ing

CAN YOU SEE ANY BUBBLES AROUND ME?

MY FAMILY MAYBE KNOW THAT I LOVE TWEET-ING. HOHO

SYIFA AND ARUM MUST KNOW WHAT DOES THAT PHOTO MEAN, HEHEHE

I'm editing on ------->>> CLICK HERE FOR MORE

Kamis, 25 Maret 2010

How Addicted to Blogging Are You?

78%How Addicted to Blogging Are You?

Created by OnePlusYou - Free Dating Sites



Try it if you wanna know! maybe you're more addicted than me :)
Just click the pict

Sabtu, 20 Maret 2010

Cool Sneakers, I want it but it must be expensive, maybe -____-


These Dada Sneakers Were Made For…Music

The Code M System is integrated into the basketball sneaker’s heel and tongue. It can hold up to 100 songs, running on a 6-hour battery life. To transfer songs onto the system, just use the USB port on the side of the shoe. To listen to your music, use the included wireless headset, which picks up the music playing from your sneakers up to 30 feet away.
Here comes the real kicker: the sneakers will also feature house speakers for listening to music out loud.


Jumat, 19 Maret 2010

The Best 10 Chefs in the world

anyway, i wanna be a famous chef. they're my Idols...

Gordon Ramsay

Gordon Ramsay, U.K.'s only chef to be awarded a total of ten Michelin stars, is a giant name in the culinary industry. Gordon James Ramsay, born on November 8, 1966 in Johnstone, Scotland, turned to cookery at the age of 19. He worked under Albert Roux and Pierre White in London and Guy Savoy and Joel Robuchon in Paris before he was offered the position of head chef of Aubergine restaurant in 1993. Ramsay is a high profile British chef and currently one of only three chefs in the country to hold three Michelin stars for their restaurant. He is a household name in the UK; he presents TV shows about competitive cookery and food. He is famous in the United States as the host of FOX's Hell's Kitchen.

Paul Bocuse
He is the father of French culinary art, a legend who has been around for decades. Bocuse is one of the finest chefs associated with the term nouvelle cuisine. Unlike the traditional haute cuisine, nouvelle cuisine is less opulent, rich in calorie and stresses the significance of fresh, high quality ingredients. In the year 1975, Bocuse created the world renowned soupe aux truffes (truffle soup) for a presidential dinner at the Elysée Palace. Since then, the soup has been the major attractions in his restaurant near Lyon as Soupe V.G.E., V.G.E being the initials of former president of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.

Bobby Flay
Critically praised chef/restaurateur, award-winning cookbook writer and television personality, this flame-haired Iron Chef is one of America’s high profile chefs. Flay ventured into the culinary market at 17, and has earned a reputation for exemplary dishes that blend elements of southwestern cuisine with international tastes.

Anthony Bourdain
Bourdain is the executive chef at Les Halles in New York City, and has over 20 years of culinary experience working in professional kitchens in all around the globe. Apart from being a chef of immense repute, he’s a graduate of the Culinary Institute of America and has penned down a multitude of fiction and non-fiction works. Currently, Bourdain can be seen as the host of the Travel Channel's cookery and cultural adventure program, Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations.

Rocco DiSpirito
Rocco DiSpirito was born on November 19, 1966 and was raised in Jamaica, Queens. His culinary experience began when he was eleven in his mother Nicolin's kitchen. By the age of 16, DiSpirito entered the esteemed Culinary Institute of America, Hyde Park to hone his culinary skills. He graduated in 1986 and studied abroad at Jardin de Cygne in France. DiSpirito is famous for his Italian-American dishes and his unique fusion cooking.

Thomas Keller
Widely considered as one of America's finest chefs, Thomas Keller is chef and owner of The French Laundry in the Napa Valley of Yountville, California, Bouchon in Las Vegas and Per Se and Bouchon Bakery at The Time Warner Center in New York City. He and his landmark restaurant, The French Laundry, have been acclaimed with multiple awards. In the year 2005, Per Se was awarded a three-star rating by the Michelin Guide, making Thomas the first and only American born chef to receive two three-star restaurants. He has also penned down many award-winning books like The French Laundry Cookbook and Bouchon Cookbook.

Wolfgang Puck
Wolfgang Johann Puck born on July 8, 1949 is an Austrian-American celebrity chef, television personality, businessman and restaurateur, based in Los Angeles. Puck has been recently named as the highest-earning chef on the Celebrity 100. He owns a huge selection of restaurants, ranging from high end restaurants like Spago, Cut, Chinois, and Postrio to the casual ones like Wolfgang Puck Express and Wolfgang Puck Café.

Todd English
William Todd English is a celebrity chef, highly acclaimed author, entrepreneur, restaurateur, and television personality based in Boston, Massachusetts. Cooking with Todd English, a culinary show that appears on a public television and is produced by Connecticut Public Television, made him a household name. His flagship restaurant, Olives, located in Charlestown, is one of the popular restaurant brands in the nation.

Emeril John Lagasse
Emeril John Lagasse is a French-Portuguese-American restaurateur, celebrity chef, television star and author. Emeril is the chef-proprietor of many world-famous restaurants in the United States. Emeril's restaurants boast of receiving critical praise and top ratings from the prestigious magazines of the culinary industry.

Charlie Trotter
Charlie Trotter is a Chicago based celebrity chef, restaurateur and a television personality. Trotter ventured into the culinary industry in 1982 after graduating with a degree in political science from the University of Wisconsin.

oh nice :)

damn! its the most beautiful pict i've ever downloaded to my pc :)

hell-yeah! its so just like me, do you feel that you've had a lot of mistakes?

ah really really romantic-quote hehe i like that!

FYI, it downloaded from my Tumblr's posts

Sabtu, 20 Februari 2010

LOL

AKAKAKAKAAKAKAKAK i was trying Gross Out and i've edited my pict and its the pict! rofl, i still laugh at that right now. its not funny but its silly, i think! so if you want to edit your pict like that, click here

hehe :)

Jumat, 18 Desember 2009

Twitter Hacked, Defaced By “Iranian Cyber Army” (Developing) [taken from http://www.techcrunch.com]


We’ve received multiple tips right around 10 pm that Twitter was hacked and defaced with the message below. The site was offline for a while.

We’re looking into this and awaiting on a response from Twitter.

The message read:

Iranian Cyber Army

THIS SITE HAS BEEN HACKED BY IRANIAN CYBER ARMY

iRANiAN.CYBER.ARMY@GMAIL.COM

U.S.A. Think They Controlling And Managing Internet By Their Access, But THey Don’t, We Control And Manage Internet By Our Power, So Do Not Try To Stimulation Iranian Peoples To….

NOW WHICH COUNTRY IN EMBARGO LIST? IRAN? USA?
WE PUSH THEM IN EMBARGO LIST ;)
Take Care.

Update: – We have just found out that the same defacement is appearing at at least one other site, mawjcamp.org. We are not able to see what was at this domain before, but it is now displaying the same defacement that Twitter was only a few minutes ago.

Twitter does not have the best record with security issues. We have previously covered a number of incidents, and as recently as two months ago their web servers were misconfigured to reveal detailed internal network information. We also previously wrote about their admin interface having a password of ‘password’ on one account, and the well-known Twitter doc incident. It was hoped that with the hiring of a new COO, Dick Costolo, as well as a number of other high-level engineers, including security experts, that Twitter had grown out of the phase of being vulnerable to security incidents on such a large scale.

We do not know a lot about the group claiming responsibility for the attack as we haven’t heard their name before and they do not show up in any defacement mirrors or security sites. Similar Iranian groups were active during the election campaign in that country. We have emailed the group (they were kind enough to leave an address on the defacement) for a comment (also added them on Gchat – worth a shot).

Update 2.: Twitter.com is down, status.twitter.com is down. Some tweets are getting through at the moment because parts of the API are up. Search also seems to be working. The Firehose is up – Tweets are coming in from FriendFeed (all those tweets about ‘is twitter down’ are from third-party sites)

Update 3.: It is suggested that if you use the same password on your Twitter account with other accounts, now would be a good time to change your password on those other accounts.

Update 4.: There is a history between Iran and Twitter. It was well noted and covered in the media that Twitter was used as a tool during the Iranian election protests. The US government actually intervened to assure that Twitter was available to the protestors in Tehran and around the country. This attack may be an act of reprisal from groups who were not happy with the role that Twitter played during the protests.

Update 5.: There is speculation at the moment that this may be a DNS redirect, which means that the Twitter.com domain has been redirected to the defacement page. This doesn’t explain why some sub-domains are down, while others are currently still alive (such as search)

Update 6.: Twitter.com is back. The company updated its status blog saying: “Twitter’s DNS records were temporarily compromised but have now been fixed. We are looking into the underlying cause and will update with more information soon.”

Update 7.: Twitter’s Platform Lead engineer Alex Payne has a funnier update on the current status

Update 8.: Google was showing the below briefly when doing a search for Twitter (thanks Chris ):


taken from click here

Kamis, 26 November 2009

nice & LOL

awesome! i ♥ this



OMG!


ending doraemon dalam bentuk cerita (maaf bahasa inggris)

One day, a very normal day, Nobita came back from school and went upstairs of his house. Doraemon was there sleeping, just like the other normal day.

“Hey, Doraemon, please wake up, lets play! “, but Doraemon does not wake up.

Nobita thought that Doraemon is tired, so he went out to play with Shizuka-chan and other folks. After few hours, he returned to his home, but Doraemon was still sleeping. Nobita felt something strange, and tried to wake him up. But there was no reply. He became to feel afraid, and tried to wake him up. But whatever he does, Doraemon did not wake up. Nobita exactly knew that something was different.

This never happened before. He began crying, but though he screamed or cried, the famous fat-cat-robot did not make a single move at all. He came up to one idea, and jumped into his desk-the time machine-and went to the future to meet Dorami-chan, Doraemon’s sister. He begged her for help, and forced her to go with him back to 1998.

After a short trip again back to 1998 by the time machine, Dorami-chan looked all over his brother Doraemon to see what was wrong with him. After few minutes, she said “the battery is out”

Nobita was relieved, and said, “Battery? So he is not broken right? Please replace or recharge his battery, and put him back like before.”

But Dorami-chan shook her head and said,”Nobita-san, should I really do that?”

Nobita said, “What? What do you mean?”

Dorami-chan replied, “His main battery is here, close to his pocket. And it ran out. But originally, he had a back-up battery in his ears, but as you know, his ears were eaten by a rat very many years ago, so he does not have a back-up battery now.”

“So what do you mean?”

“I mean, if I replace his battery, every memory of you will be eternally lost from his brain program.”

“WHAT?????”

“Shall I do that?”

Nobita closed his eyes. He cried, but after few minutes, he stopped crying,and quietly told Dorami-chan, “Dorami-chan, thanks for coming here. I will take care of the rest. You have to go back to your future time now.”

Dorami-chan could not decide what to do, but anyway she hugged Nobita quietly, and she went back home. After he went back, Nobita carried Doraemon and placed him into the shelf.

TIME FLIES……….

Year 2010, Nobita grew up. Since that day, he changed. He studied hard, did not cry anymore, and he lived without Doraemon. He told Shizuka and other folks that Doraemon had to go back to his future, and could not meet him anymore.

Shizuka was impressed to Nobita’s mysterious appearance which became completely different from 10 years ago. They fell in love, and married. Nobita became a scientist. He made a laboratory in his room, and was studying hard with his job all day. He told Shizuka not to come into the room, as it is very dangerous inside.

But one day, he called Shizuka and told her to come in to his room. It was the first time for her to enter his husband’s room. The moment she went in, she lost her words… There was her friend, Doraemon, who she used to play in her childhood days. Doraemon was not moving. It seemed as he was sleeping.

“Look, Shizuka, I will plug in from now.” Nobita turned on the main switch on Doraemon. Doraemon quietly, very quietly, started to open his eyes.

It was the moment the inventor of Doraemon became clear. It was Nobita. He studied hard and hard just to meet and talk with his old friend again. Going back and forth of time, Nobita was the one who made Doraemon. He discovered all the programs and architecture of Doraemon-type-robot.

Nobita and Shizuka was crying gently.

Doraemon opened his eyes. He looked around, and finally said, “Nobita-kun, did you finish your homework?”

There was the same white clouds in the sky like the times they used to spend together…

maaf ya pake b.inggris, males nerjemahin :0
kalo kurang faham, baca aja posting blogku yang versi komiknya. tapi mau lebih lengkap, silahkan klik wikipedia

enjoy it :D

Sabtu, 03 Oktober 2009

bunga tulip (I like this flower)

Tulip (Tulipa) merupakan nama genus untuk 100 spesies tumbuhan berbunga yang termasuk ke dalam keluarga Liliaceae. Tulip berasal dari Asia Tengah, tumbuh liar di kawasan pegununganstepa di Kazakhstan. Negeri Belanda terkenal sebagai negeri bunga tulip. Tulip juga merupakan bunga nasional Iran dan Turki. Pamir dan pegunungan Hindu Kush dan Tulip merupakan tumbuhan tahunan berumbi yang tingginya antara 10-70 cm, daunnya berlilin, berbentuk sempit memanjang berwarna hijau nuansa kebiru-biruan, dan bunganya berukuran besar terdiri 6 helai daun mahkota. Tulip hasil persilangan menghasilkan bunga berwarna tunggal, merah, oranye, kuning, hijau, biru, ungu, atau berbagai macam kombinasi dan gradasi warna. Tulip menghasilkan biji-biji berbentuk bundar pipih yang dibungkus kapsul kering. Seperti halnya bunga mawar, lili, anggrek dan peony, tulip adalah tanaman bunga yang paling banyak dibudidayakan manusia.

Sejarah Tulip

Pada mulanya bunga tulip tumbuh liar di kawasan Asia Tengah dan Asia Barat. Kerajaan Ottoman Turki terpikat pada keindahan dan kesempurnaan bunga tulip dan mulai membudidayakan bunga tulip sejak tahun 1000. Motif-motif bunga tulip sudah sejak lama banyak dipakai dalam seni ornamen Persia dan Turki. Nama yang diberikan orang Eropa untuk tulip berasal dari bahasa Persia untuk sorban (bahasa Persia: دلبنت, dulband) karena bunga tulip ketika belum mekar sepenuhnya bentuknya terlihat seperti sorban.

Jenis-jenis tulip yang sudah dikenal sejak zaman dulu mempunyai motif garis-garis, "coretan kuas," atau "jilatan api" atau mempunyai warna lain pada bagian-bagian tertentu daun bunga, sedangkan jenis-jenis yang lebih baru mempunyai pola aneka warna pada daun bunga. Sentuhan warna lain pada warna dasar bunga tulip disebabkan perubahan pigmen di bagian atas dan bagian bawah bunga.

Infeksi virus mosaik yang dibawa serangga sejenis kutu menyebabkan terjadinya jenis tulip langka dengan motif indah seperti coretan kuas yang diburu orang Belanda sewaktu demam bunga Tulip mania. Virus mosaik menyebabkan tanaman tulip menderita dan mati perlahan-lahan, walaupun bunga yang dihasilkan menjadi sangat indah. Sekarang ini, virus mosaik dapat dikatakan sudah hampir musnah dari ladang-ladang bunga tulip.

Di Kerajaan Ottoman dan Belanda, tingginya permintaan atas tulip yang tidak diimbangi pasokan yang cukup menimbulkan fenomena yang disebut Tulip mania. Permainan harga tulip oleh para spekulan juga menjadi salah satu sebab kemunduran ekonomi Kesultanan Ottoman.

Belanda setiap tahunnya mengirimkan bunga tulip untuk ditanam di kota Ottawa sebagai ucapan terima kasih kepada Kanada yang membebaskan Belanda dari Nazi Jerman dan sewaktu zaman pendudukan bermurah hati menyediakan tempat bermukim Ratu Juliana yang pada waktu itu masih puteri mahkota.

Teknik Penanaman

Tulip tidak bisa hidup di alam terbuka wilayah tropis karena memerlukan suhu rendah di musim dingin untuk dapat tumbuh. Tulip dapat dipaksa untuk berbunga lebih cepat dari normal jika diletakkan di tempat yang suhunya diatur menjadi lebih tinggi.

Tulip dapat ditanam dengan dua cara, menggunakan umbi atau biji. Tulip yang ditanam dari umbi membutuhkan waktu setahun untuk dapat menghasilkan bunga yang cukup besarnya, sedangkan tanaman yang ditanam dari biji membutuhkan waktu antara 5-7 tahun agar dapat berbunga.

Bunga yang telah selesai mekar harus dipotong untuk mendapatkan umbi.

Menurut hasil penelitian yang berlaku hanya untuk bunga Tulip, jika sewaktu bunga belum mekar bagian bawah kuncup bunga ditusuk hingga tembus dengan jarum (misalnya jarum jahit), gas etilen akan diproduksi oleh bunga yang terluka sehingga masa mekar bunga menjadi lebih panjang. Perlakuan yang sama jika dilakukan terhadap bunga yang sudah mekar menyebabkan masa mekar malah menjadi lebih singkat.

Beberapa spesies

all about vintage

Vintage, in wine-making, is the process of picking grapes and creating the finished product. A vintage wine is one made from grapes that were all, or primarily, grown and harvested in a single specified year. In certain wines, it can denote quality, as in Port wine, where Port houses make and declare vintage Port in their best years. From this tradition, a common, though incorrect, usage applies the term to any wine that is perceived to be particularly old or of a particularly high quality.

Most countries allow a vintage wine to include a portion of wine that is not from the year denoted on the label. In Chile and South Africa, the requirement is 75% same-year content for vintage-dated wine. In Australia, New Zealand, and the member states of the European Union, the requirement is 85%. In the United States, the requirement is 85%, unless the wine is designated with an AVA, (e.g., Russian River Valley), in which case it is 95%. Technically, the 85% rule in the United States applies equally to imports, but there are obvious challenges in enforcing the regulation.

The opposite of a vintage wine is a nonvintage wine, which is usually a blend from the produce of two or more years. This is a common practice for winemakers seeking a consistent style of wine, year on year.

The importance of vintage, however, is both varied and disputed.

In wine produced on the colder limits of wine production, vintage is often very important, because some seasons will be much warmer and produce riper grapes and better wine for people to drink. On the other hand, a poor growing season can lead to grapes low in sugar, which lowers the quality of the resulting wine.

In many wine regions, especially in the New World, growing seasons are much more uniform. In dry regions, the systematic and controlled use of irrigation also contributes to uniform vintages. However, such wines are regularly labeled by vintage because of consumer demand.

Wines of superior vintages from prestigious producers and regions will often command much higher prices than those from average vintages. This is especially the case if wines are likely to improve further with some age in the bottle. Some wines are only labeled with a vintage in better-than-average years, to maintain their quality and reputation, while the vast majority of wines are produced to be drunk young and fresh. In such cases, a vintage is usually considered less important. However, it can serve to protect consumers against buying a wine that would not be expected to improve with age and could be past its best, such as with Beaujolais nouveau, a wine style made to be consumed within months of its bottling.

The importance of vintage may sometimes be exaggerated. For example, New York Times wine columnist Frank J. Prial declared the vintage chart to be dead, writing that "winemakers of the world have rendered the vintage chart obsolete" (Prial), and Bill Marsano wrote that "winemakers now have the technology and skills to make good and even very good wines in undistinguished years" (Marsano). James Laube of Wine Spectator has asserted that "even an average vintage can yield some grand wines" (Laube).

Roman Weil, co-chairman of the Oenonomy Society of the US and Professor at the University of Chicago, tested the controversial hypothesis that experienced wine drinkers "cannot distinguish in blind tastings the wine of years rated high from those of years rated low, or, if they can, they do not agree with the vintage chart's preferences" (Weil).

Dr. Weil used wines ranging from four to 17 years beyond their vintage with 240 wine drinkers and found that the tasters could not distinguish between wines of good and bad vintages, except for Bordeaux wines, and even when they could make a distinction, the match between the tasters' individual assessments and the charts' rankings were little better than tossing a coin. When the tests were replicated with wine experts, including French wine academics, the results were again the same as chance.

Many critics believe that Bordeaux has the world's largest variance in vintages. Indeed, Weil found that "tasters can distinguish the Excellent from the Appalling one, even if they didn't agree with which is the Appalling one."

Weil does not consider a vintage chart to be useless. He suggests using one to help "find good buys in wine. Buy wine from the Appalling years," which may be priced far below actual quality.

The subject of the importance of vintage is one about which disagreement can be expected to continue.